Novel attract-and-kill approach could help tackle Argentine antsAfter being inadvertently introduced in the United States from South America Argentine ants have successfully invaded urban agricultural and natural settings nationwide. In urban California the Argentine ant is among the primary pest ants. For example this particular species of ants makes up 85 percent of ants sampled by commercial pest control companies in just the Greater San Diego Area.Entomologists at the University of California Riverside have now developed a pheromone-assisted technique as an economically viable approach to maximize the efficacy of conventional sprays targeting the invasive Argentine ant.They supplemented insecticide sprays with (Z)-9-hexadecenal a pheromone compound attractive to ants and were able to divert Argentine ants from their trails and nest entrances. Lured by the pheromone the ants were eventually exposed to the insecticide residue and killed.Study results appeared Dec. 23 2013 in the online fast track edition of the Journal of Economic Entomology.Our experiments with fipronil and bifenthrin sprays indicate that the overall kill of these insecticides on Argentine ant colonies is substantially improved -- by 57 to 142 percent -- by incorporating (Z)-9-hexadecenal in the sprays said Dong-Hwan Choe an assistant professor of entomology and the research project leader whose lab focuses on urban entomology insect behavior and chemical ecology.According to Choe's research team the current attract-and-kill approach once it is successfully implemented in practical pest management programs could potentially provide maximum control efficacy with reduced amount of insecticides applied in the environment.Given the amount of insecticides applied today to urban settings for Argentine ant control and the impact of these insecticides on urban waterways it is critical to develop alternative integrated pest management strategies in order to decrease the overall amounts of insecticides applied and found in urban waterways while still providing effective control of the target ant species Choe said.He explained that other studies have explored the possibility of using the synthetic pheromone (Z)-9-hexadecenal for Argentine management program. These studies however only explored the use of the pheromone to disrupt the foraging of Argentine ants.What makes our study unique is that we combine the insecticide sprays and low-dose pheromone to attract ants Choe said. Our ultimate goal is to minimize the impact of pest damages on urban life with at the same time no -- or minimal -- negative impact on the environment non-target organisms and human health.According to Choe from a practical standpoint future development of the proper formulation of (Z)-9-hexadecenal would help improve its efficacy and usability.The physicochemical characteristics of the pheromone formulation are important factors in improving the persistence of its effect he said. Proper packaging also would be necessary because the pheromone's stability could be compromised if the pheromone is mixed with the insecticide formulation and held in long-term storage. Some of these questions could be addressed with assistance from industry collaborators.Story Source:The above story is based on materials provided by University of California - Riverside. The original article was written by Iqbal Pittalwala. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.Journal Reference: